GPUs aren't electrically isolated from the motherboard though. An entire computer is a single unified power domain.
The only place where there's isolation is stuff like USB ports to avoid dangerous ground loop currents.
That said I believe the PSU itself provides full isolation and won't backfeed so using two on separate circuits should (maybe?) be safe. Although if one circuit tripped the other PSU would immediately be way over capacity. Hopefully that doesn't cause an extended brownout before the second one disables itself.
I think you might've misread GP. (Or maybe I did?)
He's not saying you would use it as two separate 120v circuits sharing a ground but rather as a single 240v circuit. His point is that it's easy to rewire for 240v since it's the same as all the other wiring in your house just with both poles exposed.
Of course you do have to run a new wire rather than repurpose what's already in the wall since you need the entire circuit to yourself. So I think it's not as trivial as he's making out.
But then at that wattage you'll also want to punch an exhaust fan in for waste heat so it's not like you won't already be making some modifications.
The outcome of that approach depends entirely on the broader process. Imagine golf but you refuse to swing with anything less than maximum strength to avoid wasting time.
Discovery is great and all but if what you discover is that you didn't aim well to begin with that's not all that useful.
There's intent, deception, and damages so it's definitely fraud. This isn't a mundane matter of creatively using someone's API in a way they don't like. He came up with a scheme to extract money from them. The ToS is the contract governing payments in this case (IIUC).
It's the difference between violating a no skateboarding sign in front of a shopping mall versus a no trespassing sign at a military base. They're both "just signs", right?
Oh I don't deny what he did is most likely a ToS violation. And under those terms, he should probably be forced to pay back the money.
But I don't see how it's fraud in the criminal sense. That's just my judgement as a citizen, not a lawyer. All I see is the shopping mall shaping criminal law to its own benefit.
As for the military bases, yeah, stay away from those, kids.
The point is that it doesn't matter what you call the contract. You're thinking "oh that's just a sign" (ie ToS). Your error is that not all signs are equal. The 8 million dollars is the military base in this analogy. Being prosecuted for violating this ToS under these conditions is not interchangeable with others.
Fraud is just any time you intentionally deceive someone for material gain. Even without the ToS this would presumably still qualify as fraud. The ToS just makes it more straightforward to argue (IIUC, IANAL, etc).
A decent rule of thumb is that if your hack or neat trick results in money in your bank account that the other party wouldn't have paid out to you had they been aware of what was happening then you are almost certainly committing a felony of some sort.
> Ideally, that's how it is for all papers, but it isn't
We require a method of filtering such that a given researcher doesn't have to personally vet in excruciating detail every paper he comes across because there simply isn't enough time in the day for that.
Ideally such a system would individually for each paper provide a multi-dimensional score that was reputable. How can those be calculated in a manner such that they're reputable? Who knows; that exercise is left for the reader.
In practice "well it got published in Nature" makes for a pretty decent spam filter followed by metrics such as how many times it's been cited since publication, checking that the people citing it are independent authors who actually built directly on top of the work, and checking how many of such citing authors are from a different field.
> We require a method of filtering such that a given researcher doesn't have to personally vet in excruciating detail every paper he comes across because there simply isn't enough time in the day for that.
We do require such a method. Isn't that what AI is for? Strictly working as a filter. You still need to personally vet in excruciating detail every paper you rely on for your work.
Maybe. I think that's still experimental and far too resource intensive to do on an individual basis. However an intensive LLM review performed by a centralized service once per paper as a sort of independent literature watchdog would likely be of value. I haven't heard of such a thing yet though.
PageRank was a decent solution for websites. Can't we treat citations as a graph, calculate per-author and per-paper trustworthiness scores, update when a paper gets retracted, and mix in a dash of HN-style community upvotes/downvotes and openly-viewable commentary and Q&A by a community of experts and nonexperts alike?
Of course we could! My tongue in cheek "exercise is left for the reader" comment was meant to convey that it's deceptively simple.
Just one example off the top of my head. How do you handle negative citations? For example a reputable author citing a known incorrect paper to refute it. You need more metadata than we currently have available.
tl;dr just draw the rest of the fucking owl.
Upvotes, downvotes, and commentary? That's extremely complicated. Long term data persistence? Moderation? Real names? Verification of lab affiliations? Who sets the rules? How do you cope with jurisdictional boundaries and related censorship requirements? The scientific literature is fundamentally an open and above all international collaboration. Any sort of closed, centralized, or proprietary implementation is likely to be a nonstarter.
Thus if your goal is a universal system then I'm fairly certain you need to solve the decentralized social networking problem as a more or less hard prerequisite to solving the decentralized scientific literature review problem. This is because you need to solve all the same problems but now with a much higher standard for data retention and replication.
Very topically I assume you'd need a federated protocol. It would need to be formally standardized. It would need a good story for data replication and archival which pretty much rules out ActivityPub and ATProto as they currently stand so you're back to the drawing board.
A nontrivial part of the above likely involves also solving the decentralized petname system problem that GNS attempts to address.
I think a fully generalized scoring or ranking system is exceedingly unlikely to be a realistic undertaking. There's no problem with isolated private venues (ie journals) we just need to rethink how they work. Services such as arxiv provide a DOI so there's nothing stopping "journals" that are actually nothing more than lightweight review platforms that don't actually host any papers themselves from being built.
> Upvotes, downvotes, and commentary? That's extremely complicated.
No, it is not. Don't throw the baby out with the bath water. Zenodo is centralized, and that is fine. A system hosted by CERN would be universal enough for most purposes.
The truth is, most papers cannot stand on their own, they need a reputable venue. While it is difficult to get into Nature, it is much more difficult to actually contribute something substantial to science. That's why we don't have a system like that.
I think you've misunderstood me. Did you read my final paragraph? I was agreeing with what you wrote there - that simply rethinking how centralized journals operate could accomplish the majority of the goal while sidestepping most of the complexity.
That said, I disagree that papers require a centralized venue in any fundamental sense. They currently need such a venue because we don't have a better process for vetting and filtering them at scale. The issue is that decentralizing such a process in an acceptable manner is a monstrously complicated prospect.
Sure. In that case I guess I'm just waiting for a couple of college kids in a garage to start a website that actually uses it for its intended purpose, so that we can finally deprecate PrestigiousPrivateJournalRank.
Responding largely to the linked article, you can't just ignore the massive increase in funding and associated output that occurred. Scaling almost any system up will be expected to result in creative new failure modes. It's easy to observe that a system isn't great and suppose that removing it would improve things but this very often isn't the case. Democracy is one such example.
There's also the publishing ecosystem that developed around the increased funding. It isn't clear to me why any blame (if it's even valid, see preceding paragraph) should be laid at the feet of the practice of peer reviewing publications rather than such an obviously dysfunctional institution.
Even if we accept the way in which publications have been undergoing peer review to somehow be the root of all evil (as opposed to the for profit publication of taxpayer funded work) - there's more than one way to go about it! A glaringly obvious problem, mentioned in the linked article yet not meaningfully addressed that I saw, is that peer reviewers aren't paid. If this was a compensated task presumably it would be performed much more rigorously. Building inspectors aren't volunteers and they seem to do a good enough job.
But this is already how the purse holders operate. A big group of experts get together and vote on which grant proposals within a given category to fund.
I think it comes down to how the system is structured and how many players there are. The more difficult it is for a small cult to capture control of the funding (or access to instrumentation or awarding of degrees or whatever) for a given area the less likely you are to end up with a monoculture.
Assuming the majority of the funding continues to come from governments then you have a centralized point of leverage that can shape the system. So it should be possible to impose constraints that result in a system that actively prevents monocultures from developing.
I assume this must be the case here because I'm familiar with a lot of different etiquette contexts in the US and I have the impression that Japan has far more of that sort of thing than we do. Off the top of my head there are (at minimum) the way we were expected to eat in front of my grandparents, a more "regular" dinner with the extended family, a small gathering at a tex mex joint or chain restaurant or whatever, a fast food joint, and whatever slovenly things I do while sitting on my couch in private.
Anyone from a particularly wealthy family can probably add an additional couple contexts on the high end. Every single one of those situations has slightly different "rules" for what's acceptable.
The only place where there's isolation is stuff like USB ports to avoid dangerous ground loop currents.
That said I believe the PSU itself provides full isolation and won't backfeed so using two on separate circuits should (maybe?) be safe. Although if one circuit tripped the other PSU would immediately be way over capacity. Hopefully that doesn't cause an extended brownout before the second one disables itself.
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