As a manager as well as a human being, you shouldn't have to ask those questions during a 1:1, the well being of your team should be something you're observing from the inside.
And, more importantly, you should not delegate the responsibility of flagging it when something is wrong. You should know without asking.
Early on as a manager I made the mistake of assuming I knew what was going on in someone’s head just by working closely with them. I was wrong. You can’t even just directly ask because of the complicated dynamics. The best way I have found is frequent conversations that challenge people to dig down into their values and perspectives. Lists like this one are a good starting point, but as others have said genuine empathy is required.
And, more importantly, you should not delegate the responsibility of flagging it when something is wrong. You should know without asking.