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We bring the ratio down as well... A load/store to a cores local scratchpad (Our software managed and power efficient version of a traditional L1 cache) is 1 cycle, compared to 4 cycles for an Intel processor. Add in the fact that we have 128KB of memory per scratchpad (compared to 16 to 32KB L1 D$ for Intel), you don't need to go to DRAM as much, greatly increasing performance/throughout on top of the 10x+ efficiency gain.

Even in the case of a core access accessing another cores local scratchpad when they are on opposite corners of the chip, it takes only one cycle per hop on the Network on Chip... meaning for our 256 core chip, you can go all away across the chip (and access a total of 32MB of memory) in 32 cycles... Less than the ~40 cycles it takes to access L3 cache on an Intel chip.



Comparing a 1 cycle scratchpad latency to Intel's 4 cycle L1 latency is misleading. Are you making chips that operate at up to 4GHz, or is this just 128KB of local SRAM attached to a ~1GHz core?


If you care about efficiency, then you are burning significantly more energy to run at 4GHz, and are still moving the same amount of data in and out of your local memory. If that is your bottleneck, then you are running at 4x the clock speed for no real gain, as your memory can't keep up with the speed of your functional units.

But to answer your question directly, we are targeting 1GHz conservatively...we think it could do more, but as we are focused on efficiency, we think it is a good middle ground between performance and energy usage. We'll be able to make a more informed decision (and possibly change that) when we have silicon in hand.


If you have 4 GHz of processing IEEE but getting a wrong answer at the end, how do you compare that to a smaller number of FLOPS with a rigorously-bounded answer? I'm not saying they're apples to oranges, I'm saying that you can't just compare the quality of two foods based on calorie count alone.


Smart that you all used a scratchpad. I've been encouraging their use for years now for the higher efficiency and predictability.




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