It isn't an argument. DMGs are fine for development and testing and they can be made case-insensitive. Or you could just, you know, create a separate partition.
If the DMG speed is too slow for development and running tests(not testing with the full live dataset) you are doing something wrong.
When developing and testing new features/bugfixes? Unless the bug is directly tied to production data I have no idea why you would have to use production data for that. I'm not saying don't do it on a staging server, but you don't develop on the staging server.
Right now I have a vagrant box where the VM images is on a DMG and all data is NFS mounted from the same DMG onto the VM, which is kind of the worst scenario I can think of. The testing database is around 2GB and the source+data files etc is ~200MB, just because I actually do need to fix a bug related to a portion in the production data. What's slow is the CPU, and that is still doing fine. It's not the disc even though I'm abusing it this way. That's on a 2011 macbook, 16GB, 400GB SSD.
HN is a small piece of software which should be easy to write tests for, 2GB db and 200MB source/data-files should be more than you'd ever need to work on something like HN. If you want to stress-test, test fs speeds etc you cannot do that on Mac OS X anyways since you're not running Mac OS X in production.
Changing the specs of a piece of software in order to make development more easy seems totally backwards. You're developing for production, not the other way around.
And at last, why not simply add a case-sensitive partition to your Mac if speed is such a big problem?
If the DMG speed is too slow for development and running tests(not testing with the full live dataset) you are doing something wrong.