I did, a few months ago. Booted both Fedora 19 and 20 Beta on a 2012 13" rMBP. Worked decently well, especially with how the version of Gnome included in F20 knows how to properly deal with high DPI displays.
I've had good luck booting Fedora (at least 19 and 20, and I think 18) on Macs.
Other distros don't seem to work with Apple's EFI implementation. To boot other distros, I've had good luck with the refind[1] bootloader. Granted, I have only been booting live USBs, not installing on the internal drive.
