It’s hard for humans not to get bogged down in base desires, period, because of the dopamine system.

A government which can choose to protect values which are unpopular in the short term.

> What makes the ego and base desires of an aristocracy superior?

Their awareness of higher values and goals. For example how technology might impact the population.

I would recommend Aristotle’s politics for an overview of the strengths and weakness of various government types.