LLMs can not "lie", they do not "know" anything, and certainly can not "confess" to anything either. What LLMs can do is generate numbers which can be constructed piecemeal from some other input numbers & other sources of data by basic arithmetic operations. The output number can then be interpreted as a sequence of letters which can be imbued with semantics by someone who is capable of reading and understanding words and sentences. At no point in the process is there any kind of awareness that can be attributed to any part of the computation or the supporting infrastructure other than whoever started the whole chain of arithmetic operations by pressing some keys on some computer connected to the relevant network of computers for carrying out the arithmetic operations.
If you think this is reductionism you should explain where exactly I have reduced the operations of the computer to something that is not a correct & full fidelity representation of what is actually happening. Remember, the computer can not do anything other than boolean algebra so make sure to let me know where exactly I made an error about the arithmetic in the computer.
These types of semantic conundrums would go away if, when we refer to a given model, we think of it more holistically as the whole entity which produced and manages a given software system. The intention behind and responsibility for the behavior of that system ultimately traces back to the people behind that entity. In that sense, LLMs have intentions, can think, know, be straightforward, deceptive, sycophantic, etc.
In that sense every corporation would be intentional, deceptive, exploitative, motivated, etc. Moreover, it does not address the underlying issue: no one knows what computation, if any, is actually performed by a single neuron.
Can't you say the same of the human brain, given a different algorithm? Granted, we don't know the algorithm, but nothing in the laws of physics implies we couldn't simulate it on a computer. Aren't we all programs taking analog inputs and spitting actions? I don't think what you presented is a good argument for LLMs not "know"ing, in some meaning of the word.
Human brains depend on neurons and "neuronal arithmetic". In fact, their statements are merely "neuronal arithmetic" that gets converted to speech or writing that get imbued with semantic meaning when interpreted by another brain. And yet, we have no problem attributing dishonesty or knowledge to other humans.
Please provide references for formal & programmable specifications of "neuronal arithmetic". I know where I can easily find specifications & implementations of boolean algebra but I haven't seen anything of the sort for what you're referencing. Remember, if you are going to tell me my argument is analogous to reductionism of neurons to chemical & atomic dynamics then you better back it up w/ actual formal specifications of the relevant reductions.
You can just admit you don't have any references & you do not actually know how neurons work & what type of computation, if any, they actually implement.
I think the problem with your line of reasoning is a category error, not a mistake about arithmetic.
I agree that every step of an LLM’s operation reduces to Boolean logic and arithmetic. That description is correct. Where I disagree is the inference that, because the implementation is purely arithmetic, higher-level concepts like representation, semantics, knowledge, or even lying are therefore meaningless or false.
That inference collapses levels of explanation. Semantics and knowledge are not properties of logic gates, so it is a category error to deny them because they are absent at that level. They are higher-level, functional properties implemented by the arithmetic, not competitors to it. Saying “it’s just numbers” no more eliminates semantics than saying something like “it’s just molecules” eliminates biology.
So I don’t think the reduction itself is wrong. I think the mistake is treating a complete implementation-level account as if it exhausts all legitimate descriptions. That is the category error.
I know you copied & pasted that from an LLM. If I had to guess I'd say it was from OpenAI. It's lazy & somewhat disrespectful. At the very least try to do a few rounds of back & forth so you can get a better response¹ by weeding out all the obvious rejoinders.
If you think this is reductionism you should explain where exactly I have reduced the operations of the computer to something that is not a correct & full fidelity representation of what is actually happening. Remember, the computer can not do anything other than boolean algebra so make sure to let me know where exactly I made an error about the arithmetic in the computer.