Office will download the full suite of variants on request.
For other download options (including licensing/redistribution for use outside of Office/Microsoft 365), it looks like Microsoft's usual deal with MonoType Foundry applies to Aptos as well and that you can make purchases at Fonts.com.
I believe that the question was linked to the previous one; out of the five sans-serif designs commissioned by Microsoft, are the serif and monospace versions available for the other four.
I was also interested, but I believe that if these were commissioned, they have not been made public.
With regards to OP's other question: 'Is it possible to easily download the full suite of Aptos variants?', I believe the answer is 'no', unless you're prepared to go clicking random 'download' links on sites of dubious legitimacy.
There's some discussion here on how you can access the fonts when they are downloaded by Office, with an appropriate note that the legality of this may depend on your jurisdiction, but it is fairly certainly a breach of the Font License: https://www.reddit.com/r/GoodNotes/comments/15zpsh2/anyone_k...
I read the whole article before asking and just re-read it again. I don't see answers to either of my questions. I'm guessing from other clues in the article the answer to my second question is "no".
Did they commission expanded designs for the other four like they did for Aptos? Are there monospace or serif versions available?