It's notional. The actual quote from the report [1] is
> Derivative notional amounts decreased in the third quarter of 2023 by $17.7 trillion, or 8.0 percent, to $204.2 trillion.
The vast majority of all these derivatives are collateralized, and the collateral is updated daily. They are also subject to some form of extra collateral called (improperly) "initial margin", so in case one bank goes down for some reason, it doesn't take its counterparties with it.
The underlying value has been spoken for a long time ago.
The derivatives are the bets being placed on the performance of that (remaining) underlying value.
Kind of like private gamblers on a horse race putting up more money amongst themselves than the entire prize package for the actual participants in the race.
everything bubble except gold , oil, and other commodities. Or treasuries. Right now the gains seem concentrated in AI and chips. Apple and Tesla have not participated at all this year.
i think you will find the answer extremely informative; it should change your picture of the world significantly. i'm interested to hear what you think