That part.
As you asked, you might enjoy:
https://www.amazon.com.au/What-This-Thing-Called-Science/dp/...
and then move onto Lakatos, Popper, Kuhn, Feyerabend, Musgrave, et al.
But for now, baby steps.
But I think you’ll find it’s a harmless question: What are you gathering evidence for exactly? What is the purpose of your observations?
That part.
As you asked, you might enjoy:
https://www.amazon.com.au/What-This-Thing-Called-Science/dp/...
and then move onto Lakatos, Popper, Kuhn, Feyerabend, Musgrave, et al.
But for now, baby steps.