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This is something that's hard to appreciate with any energy-transfer mechanism: If you reach energies that exceed the capacity to transfer energy, you're just wasting effort.

For kinetic systems, the projectile-target interaction is critical. A flimsier target actually needs an impact to be spread over a larger area. Think of a pellet shot through tissue as opposed to, say, a blast of sand or salt.

There are some analogues with subatomic particles and fast/slow neutrons (slow neutrons are far more effective at sustaining nuclear reactions, as they effectively "stick around" where they're more likely to interact with other nuclei for a longer period of time, and the apparent cross-section of the target nuclei appear larger).

https://www.radioactivity.eu.com/site/pages/Slow_Fast_Neutro...



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