One of them is the classical scientific experiment, where you build an apparatus or somethings from dozens of components, and look at what results it produces. I can see how most of your concerns apply to that.
The other one is supplemental standard measurements, which can be also very expensive. For example if you create a new metal alloy, you might need an AFM image of the grain boundaries. If you receive such an image, you can very easily assess its quality, making it easier to rely on the "results" of others.
If you plan ahead, you can include a few thousand USD for AFM images in your grant application, much easier than getting a grant approved which includes buying your own AFM.
One of them is the classical scientific experiment, where you build an apparatus or somethings from dozens of components, and look at what results it produces. I can see how most of your concerns apply to that.
The other one is supplemental standard measurements, which can be also very expensive. For example if you create a new metal alloy, you might need an AFM image of the grain boundaries. If you receive such an image, you can very easily assess its quality, making it easier to rely on the "results" of others.
If you plan ahead, you can include a few thousand USD for AFM images in your grant application, much easier than getting a grant approved which includes buying your own AFM.