Many artificial dyes use CYMK dye colors to build up to the final color when they are mixed by our eyes. Natural dyes will often truly be that color or a unique combination of non-CYMK colors. The result of this is non pure white light will reflect off the surface of the dyed object in different ways. It's a similar reason many LED lights look different than natural sunlight, with the LED lights using a combination of RGB.
Human sight reduces all visible light down to the three red/green/blue buckets. Other species will have different buckets, and can easily see colors we perceive as identical as completely different.
I believe we have better color vision that most animals though, so the opposite is usually the case.
Some humans enjoy tetrachromacy. There's an article floating around where one such woman mentions that in her world she sees mismatched colors everywhere; colors that to everybody else look identical (e.g. on a shirt and pants, or two walls) but which to her look different, sometimes significantly. IIRC, the fourth spectrum peak isn't that far away from one of the others, so I assume this effect is probably exaggerated by artificial dyes that reflect in relatively narrow bands.
EDIT: Here's the reported anecdote I was remembering:
> "I have always had polite disagreements with people about shades of colours," she says. When clothes shopping for instance, she often finds that apparently matching tops and skirts seem to be a different shade to her, clashing horribly--even though no one else seems to notice it. Her sensitivity can sometimes be baffling to those around: when helping to restore a house, she once rejected 32 paint samples before settling on the right shade. "The beiges were too yellow and not blue enough, not cool enough; some of the almonds were too orangey," she says--distinctions that were much to the confusion of her building contractor.
It's a lot more complicated than RGB buckets, there is a serie of preprocessing cells https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinal_ganglion_cell before the image "signal" is further processed by the visual cortex.
Another species could have the exact same "buckets" configuration and perceive color differently if the ganglionic layer is connected differently to those buckets.
However, the processing after the cone cells can't introduce any new information. It just creates a new coordinate system on the 3-dimensional space described by the cone cells.
Humans see "gibberish" colors, too! For example, the color magenta doesn't have a wavelength on the ROYGBIV spectrum and is instead an artifact of your eye's rods and cones:
Depends on how their brains process the colors. Basically what parent commenter is saying, is the color systems we use do not cover the entire gamut of visible light.
