I am red/green colorblind. I actually knew about this because they tested for it the first time I got glasses, and it came up there. But for years afterward I never really thought about it; I’d be able to tell basically every color and only falter on some that seemed ambiguous to me but others had an easier time distinguishing–but I never ascribed this to colorblindness; I just thought it was I who didn’t know the colors well enough. For both of your examples: pure red and pure green are very clearly, obviously distinct colors. I don’t think peanut butter looks green at all, it’s clearly a shade of light brown. Really, the only way I can describe the difference I see is this page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_blindness#Signs_and_symp.... There’s a picture of a landscape with various colorblindness filters applied to it. The first two images look identical to me.
I can tell you that it's not about knowing my colors, the colors of the apples you linked look as different as white vs black to me. And they would look just as distinct even if I didn't know my colors.