Gravity doesn't exist when you're in a K-hole. That's why we can become a extraterrestrial society in the next 5 years (repeat infinitely - in 5 years)
Any business that solves a problem. The tech is always a commodity. The valuable parts are usually the data, the services offered, etc. and they have good distribution which makes their moat strong.
That has nothing to do with federation. A Gmail user can talk to an Outlook user. A Slack user cannot talk to a Teams user.
Email is only federated because it was used before it was commercialized. If companies could monopolize email they would. The solution here is government regulation requiring interconnection, like we got with phones and text messaging.
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